Which class of medication is commonly used to treat osteoporosis?

• A. Beta-blockers
• B. Bisphosphonates
• C. Statins
• D. Loop diuretics

Answer: (B)

Bisphosphonates are the standard class used to treat osteoporosis because they directly slow bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated resorption. By blocking the activity of osteoclasts and, in nitrogen-containing agents, interfering with the mevalonate pathway, these drugs reduce bone turnover and help increase bone mineral density, which lowers the risk of fractures—especially in postmenopausal and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Common examples include alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and zoledronic acid, given orally or by infusion.

Practical notes help maximize benefit and safety: take the medication with a full glass of water first thing in the morning before food or other meds, and stay upright for 30 to 60 minutes to minimize esophageal irritation. Avoid taking with calcium or antacids and ensure adequate vitamin D and calcium intake. Potential adverse effects include gastrointestinal irritation, and more rarely osteonecrosis of the jaw or atypical femoral fractures with long-term use.

Beta-blockers, statins, and loop diuretics do not treat osteoporosis; they are used for other conditions (cardiovascular disease or lipid management) and do not reduce bone resorption the way bisphosphonates do.