Which statement best explains why some type 2 diabetes patients require oral medications rather than insulin?

• A. The body still makes insulin.
• B. Insulin resistance is present in the cells.
• C. Autoimmune destruction.
• D. Decreased water intake.

Answer: (B)

In type 2 diabetes the main issue is insulin resistance, with the pancreas still producing insulin but the body's cells not responding to it effectively. Because insulin is still available, oral medications can improve the body's sensitivity to insulin or boost its own insulin secretion, helping to control blood glucose without needing injections. Medications like metformin reduce liver glucose production and improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, while others enhance endogenous insulin activity. If autoimmune destruction occurred (as in type 1), there would be little or no insulin produced, making insulin therapy necessary. Decreased water intake isn’t related to the need for oral meds.